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Screenplay Editing: Importance, Cost, & Self-Editing Tips

Posted on by Tanvi Sarnaik

Even as you type the last word of your script, that blinking cursor in your FinalDraft or CeltX Window may seem to taunt you. You know you’ve done a good job! But is it good enough for the editor you’ll send it to? Screenplay editing answers this question for you.

Most final drafts of screenplays are usually the 10th or 12th ones. Even Michael Crichton’s draft for Jurassic Park was rewritten by Maria Scotch! This article will delve into the world of screenplay editing, its importance, and the editing process. We’ve also added six essential tips for editing your own screenplay.

What is screenplay editing?

Screenplay editing refers to the process of revising and refining a screenplay to enhance its quality and readability. It elevates the structure, dialogue, characters, formatting, and overall flow of your script.

Screenplay editing goes beyond merely error correction to ensure that your story is engaging, coherent, and well-suited to the screen. It also checks whether you meet your genre requirements and audience expectations. Unlike screenplay editing software, a human editor undertakes three rounds of editing to improve its intrinsic value.

Here are the processes involved in editing a screenplay:

1. Structural editing

Structural editing focuses on the overall structure and organization of your screenplay. The assesses the plot development, character growth, and story arcs in your script. They identify any weak areas in your story and make necessary revisions to ensure a well-paced and cohesive narrative.

2. Dialogue editing

Dialogue editing improves the quality and impact of your characters’ conversations. The editor evaluates the authenticity of your dialogue and refines it to enhance character voice, emotional depth, and subtext. They ensure a healthy balance between dialogue and action so that both elements work harmoniously to drive the story forward.

3. Formatting and proofreading

Formatting and proofreading are the final stages of screenplay editing. During these, the editor checks whether your script adheres to industry standards. They ensure proper formatting, pagination, and font styles. Additionally, they proofread the screenplay meticulously to eliminate grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, or typos that undermine the quality of your work.

Do you need professional screenplay editing?

Most writers choose to edit their own screenplay, often with the help of an AI tool. However, this is not nearly as effective as a professional editor’s scrutiny. Editing and writing are two distinct, skill-heavy processes that are best when handled by the respective experts. Professional editors possess years of experience, helping them identify the smallest issues in your script.

Editors are trained to rectify any plot holes, inconsistencies, and pacing issues in your document. They ensure that the screenplay flows smoothly and engages the audience from beginning to end. Ultimately, a professionally-edited screenplay increases your chances of attracting producers, directors, and actors who can bring your words to life.

If you want people to invest their time and money in producing your screenplay, you must invest in editing it first. Editing your screenplay professionally reflects your sincerity and dedication to your craft. So, it’s best to invest your time in writing the best screenplay you can and rely on screenplay editing services to take it to the next level!

Screenplay editing cost

Screenplay editing with PaperTrue will cost you $28–$55 per 1,000 words. This cost will vary depending on the turnaround time you desire, with lesser time costing more money. However, other editors and editing firms may consider factors such as script complexity and the density of errors in your document.

Here is the cost of editing for a movie-length screenplay (20,000 words):

While professional editing is essential, not everyone can afford it. For screenplays of relatively less importance, you can make do with a few rounds of self-editing. As your loyal editors, it’s our job to assist you in this endeavor!

So, let’s take a look at the five crucial aspects of editing your screenplay.

Also read: Screenplay Proofreading: Importance, Process, & Cost

Screenplay editing tips

An amateur is sure to find editing a tedious process, none so more than a writer! While it’s certainly a less creative process, editing can help unearth some hidden gems in your writing. For this to happen, however, you must approach the editing systematically.

A trained editor can scout for different types of errors at once, but you must do this individually. Scanning your screenplay for one or two errors at a time will help you catch as many of them as possible in one go. You may be tempted to make those quick corrections, but just mark them up and return to the type of error at hand. You’ll thank us in the end!

Here are our tips to edit your own screenplay:

1. Take a breather before editing your screenplay

The reason writers don’t make the best editors for their own work is because they’re too familiar with it. You’ve been brainstorming scenes and filling in little details for far too long, so you can’t approach your writing from an objective viewpoint. Since this is essential for screenplay editing, it’s best to take a break from your document for a good week or two.

Come back with a fresh perspective and you’ll be amazed at the amount of errors you’ll be able to catch. The longer the break, the more effective you’ll be at editing. Some even suggest locking away your screenplay for a whole month, but we’ll leave that to your discretion.

2. Refine and tighten the structure  

Where editing is concerned, storytelling conventions and narrative structure are reviewed first. These integral aspects of your screenplay decide how it’ll be received by your readers. Now, there are a few books you can read in-between drafts to hone up on these aspects:

  •  Aristotle’s Poetics
  •  Joseph Campbell’s The Hero’s Journey
  •  Blake Snyder’s Save the Cat

When editing your screenplay, construct a beat sheet based on the parameters laid out by Aristotle, Campbell, or Snyder. A beat sheet is generally drafted before writing, but if there’s nothing wrong with writing the first draft and returning with a stronger sense of beat in mind. 

A lot of writers forget that they may know the story inside and out, but an audience watching it in a movie theater for the first time does not. It’s a good idea to follow in the footsteps of the greats: structure your screenplay like your successful predecessors have. This is especially important if you’re writing a movie script that you hope to see someday on the big screen.

Bonus tip: Make sure you’re using cross-cutting as a tool to better structure your storyline!

3. Show, don’t tell (use a montage)

Yes, it’s the oldest rule in the book, and yes, you’ll still find chunks of dialogue and expository scenery in your first draft. Deploy one of the major techniques of “pure cinema”, to use a phrase by Mr. Hitchcock, the montage.

Wherever possible, replace a character telling something with a visual description. This is known as having a grasp of “visual grammar”. This removes a lot of redundancy and disposable material from your screenplay, leaving room for more engaging storytelling.

There are various ways to do a montage. Analyze as many scripts as you can to get a better idea of what you want in your own. We’d also suggest reading up on montages through filmmaking books by Bordwell & Thompson. 

4. Make your dialogues contextually apt 

There is an old adage in filmmaking—if it’s not on the page, it’s not on the stage. You need to give your actors more scope to emote and show off their acting chops. In other words, your dialogue needs to be contextual but nuanced.

Always have with you a separate sheet where each of the main characters’ biodata and life experience is outlined. That way, during editing, you can refer back to it and confirm if a certain piece of dialogue can conceivably be spoken by a particular character.

Sometimes you may have seen actors ask directors, “do you think my character would say that?”. You need to pre-empt this and write dialogues in a way that they seamlessly blend with the arc of the character from the first act to the last.

You can read out your dialogue to naturalize it or ensure that it fits the narrative universe.

5. Remove mechanical errors from your writing

You can’t afford to have any language mistakes in your final script. So, it’s important to undertake a line-by-line review to find grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors in your screenplay. You may use an AI tool or software to help you along but don’t trust these tools blindly.

“Intelligent” as it is, AI still has many failings when it comes to language correction. It doesn’t understand nuance in writing, so you must double-check some of its suggestions. Proofreading is an important quality check for your screenplay, so make sure to leave this for the end. The first few editing steps are sure to leave some stray errors in your document and proofreading can help you remove them.

6. Use screenplay editing apps and software

You don’t want to be flagged as an amateur while submitting your screenplay. So, it would be well worth your time and money to buy and use screenwriting software. If you write your script in Word and try to fit it into an industrial format, you’ll most likely get caught.

Below are three of the best screenplay writing and editing software:

1. Final Draft

2. CeltX

3. WriterDuet

These platforms take care of all the formatting specifications for your screenplay: the font, margins, pagination, and capitalization. A major advantage of using screenplay editing software for Windows and Mac is that it’ll also provide language correction. So you can rely on the tools to catch errors you couldn’t!

Dissertation Proofreading | Definition & Standard Rates

Posted on by Tanvi Sarnaik

Your months have hard work have finally paid off and your dissertation is now written and revised. However, it is not yet fully finished. 

Although minute, the process of proofreading can not only refine your document but also make it significantly more academic. In order to make your hard work shine, it is crucial that you correct the most minute errors through effective proofreading. 

But what is proofreading? What are its different methods? And why is it important? We will answer these questions one by one.

Let’s start with the basics: What exactly is dissertation proofreading?

What is dissertation proofreading?

Proofreading is the last step in the editing process. The main goal of this step is to correct any spelling, grammar, punctuation, and formatting errors and inconsistencies. 

Proofreading a dissertation—which can be more than 70,000 words long—is a lengthy process that may require several weeks. You must comb through your dissertation word by word and correct any minor errors. However, this step is overlooked by many and is left to be completed for the last possible moment. This can often compromise the quality of your work!

If in compliance with your university guidelines, you can consider consulting a professional proofreading firm to review your dissertation. You can also take the help of proofreaders specifically trained in the subject of your choosing. These professionals can review your dissertation quickly and efficiently. They can also make suggestions for word choice to refine your dissertation.

What does a dissertation proofreader do?

A professional proofreader not only improves the linguistics of your dissertation but also provides practical suggestions for the betterment of your language. They are capable of understanding the terminologies, nuances, and subtleties of your subject.  

Here’s how academic proofreaders refine your dissertation:

1. Correcting your style of writing  

Experienced proofreaders enhance your document’s overall style and diction, making your dissertation more formal and academic. 

2. Correcting awkward phrasing and ambiguities

Proofreaders point out incorrect word choices in your text and provide suggestions to correct these inconsistencies. This makes your dissertation succinct and easy to understand.

3. Correcting grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors

Proofreaders are trained to detect the most minute grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors. This makes your dissertation more coherent, readable, and academic. 

4. Correcting errors and inconsistencies in referencing styles

Proofreaders are trained in multiple referencing styles such as APA, MLA, and Chicago styles. They can point out and correct any errors or inconsistencies in referencing styles. 

Why is proofreading a dissertation important?

In order to convey a clear message through your dissertation, it’s crucial to eliminate all errors and inconsistencies in writing. A single misplaced comma, or incorrect terminology, can diminish the quality of your dissertation. 

Error-free writing not only involves the correct use of spelling, terminology, grammar, and punctuation but also appropriate and consistent formatting. Here are a few reasons why proofreading is crucial to your dissertation:

1. Enhances quality

The use of specialized terminology and formal language elevates your dissertation and makes it more academic. Correct use of technical terminology not only refines your document but also makes it more credible. 

2. Improves readability

Readability issues such as run-on sentences, incorrect use of technical terminology, or even errors in capitalization confuse the reader. Well-structured, succinct sentences not only refine your dissertation but also highlight its purpose.

3. Eliminates inconsistencies

Inconsistencies or errors in citation styles demonstrate your lack of knowledge to the reader and create a poor impression. In order to create a favorable impression on the reader, it is crucial to stick to the referencing guidelines prescribed by your course.

What is the dissertation proofreading cost?

The average dissertation proofreading rate for 75,000 words can range from $1,500–$3,000. This cost can, however, vary as per the expected turnaround time, the density of errors, and the complexity of the dissertation. 

For instance, proofreading a highly technical document will cost much more than a less complex document. The turnaround time also plays a significant part in determining the proofreading cost. For instance, proofreading a document within 24 hours will cost much more than proofreading it within 2 weeks. 

Proofreading services may also have different methods to determine their prices. For instance, some proofreaders charge clients on an hourly basis, whereas others charge them on a per-word basis. 

In spite of these differences, we have compiled a list of average proofreading rates for the following prominent proofreading services. 

Research Paper Editing | Guide to a Perfect Research Paper

Posted on by Tanvi Sarnaik

You’ve finally finished writing and re-writing your paper and it is finally complete! But don’t rejoice just yet. Thorough editing and proofreading can mean the difference between the rejection or publication of your research paper. It isn’t an easy process and requires significant time, attention, and effort. 

The process of editing involves surface-level proofreading along with the processes of structural editing, line editing, and copy editing. To ensure that your hard work pays off, it’s crucial to highlight the core idea of your paper. This can only be achieved by meticulous editing.

In this article, we will walk you through the process of editing a research paper and help you produce an error-free paper. Let’s start with understanding what research paper editing actually is.

What is research paper editing?

Research paper editing involves the final refining of your paper before its submission. It includes correcting grammar and sentence structure, eliminating redundancies, simplifying run-on sentences, and finally, correcting tonal inconsistencies and spelling errors.

This is a highly intensive and complex process that requires significant time, attention to detail, and effort. Although you can choose to do this by yourself, consulting a professional will result in a refined, error-free, publication-ready paper. 

To make things easier for you, consider consulting a professional editor who has specialized in the subject matter of your choosing. Equipped with the necessary knowledge, these professionals can not only correct tonal inconsistencies but can also make suggestions for better word choice.  

Why is research paper editing important?

Editing research papers is a crucial step in the paper-writing process. It helps refine and highlight the main points of your paper and makes it coherent and reader-friendly.

Here are a few more reasons as to why research paper editing is important:

1. Helps improve the quality of your content

The process of editing helps correct structural and tonal inconsistencies, making your paper uniform, and easy to read. This check helps make your paper succinct and easy to understand.

2. Helps bring out the core message of your paper

Incorrect use of jargon and irrelevant information obscures the core message of your paper. Eliminating these errors in the content of your paper results in a more succinct yet impactful piece. 

3. Helps produce an error-free paper

Mistakes in spelling, grammar as well as punctuation distract readers from the message of your paper. They also reduce the readability of your paper which can often result in it being rejected by the journal of your choice. Thorough editing is key to producing an error-free, publication-worthy paper.

What does an editor look for in your research paper?

Professional editors can discern the smallest of errors in lengthy documents such as research papers or even theses. They perform a thorough line-by-line check of your paper and point out any structural, grammatical, and spelling errors. 

Here’s what an editor looks for in your research paper:

  • Errors in grammar, spelling, punctuation, and syntax
  • Errors and inconsistencies in capitalization
  • Run-on sentences, or long winding paragraphs, and incorrect use of terminology
  • Use of informal language that doesn’t fit in with the rest of the paper
  • Redundancies, repetitive information, and fluff content that adds no substance to your paper
  • Inconsistencies in headings, subheadings, size and font
  • Errors and inconsistencies in different referencing styles
  • Inconsistencies in layouts such as tables, graphs, diagrams, and figures
  • Logical flaws or gaps

Professional editors are trained to spot errors that are not visible to most people. Although pricey, they can be a more reliable source of consultation as compared to friends or family. 

Why should you hire a human editor?

When it comes to editing, a machine or AI is unable to understand the nuances and structure of grammar, the way an expert editor can. An editor is also capable of spotting and correcting tonal inconsistencies and gaps in arguments. 

A research paper is a fairly lengthy document that requires meticulous editing. To make your job easier, it is a good idea to consult an expert editor. Editing firms employ a wide range of academic experts specialized in a particular subject. They pair you with an expert of your niche for the thorough editing and proofreading of your paper.

These experts can not only point out mechanical errors and structural inconsistencies, but also logical gaps and fallacies, incorrect use of terminology and errors and inconsistencies in formatting styles. They are also well versed the the style guides of different journals and can select the appropriate style for your journal.  

Steps to self-edit your research paper

The cost of professional editing can be quite a burden. If you don’t want to rely on proofreaders and prefer self-editing, there are several steps you can take to refine your paper. Here are a few key steps you can follow:

1. Take a break:

In order to detach yourself from the paper, it’s crucial to take a break before editing. This will help you spot errors and inconsistencies more effectively. 

2. Look at the big picture:

Start with correcting major inconsistencies in paragraph structure. You can then move on to simplifying run-on sentences and redundancies.

3. Correct minor grammar and spelling errors:

After correcting the structural inconsistencies, you scan your paper line by line and correct all grammar and spelling errors. 

The process of self-editing can either be performed online or with the help of a pen and paper. Although most students prefer online research paper editing, the pen and paper method offers a more hands-on experience. For a more intensive check, you can try using both methods.

You can use this research paper editing checklist to review your paper effectively:

While referring to this research paper editing checklist, make sure to pay attention to only one aspect at a time. Focusing on two or more aspects at once can get confusing. To make things easier for you, we have created an order in which you can proofread your paper. The research paper editing checklist ranges from broader issues to narrower ones. It is important to correct the more comprehensive issues before moving on to the narrowers issues. 

We wish you all the best for the successful publication of your paper!

Keep reading with more resources from your loyal editors and proofreaders:

How to Write an Argumentative Essay (Examples Included)

Posted on by Tanvi Sarnaik

Argumentative essay writing, as the name implies, involves creating strong arguments based on facts and evidence. The goal of this essay is to convince the reader to adopt a logical viewpoint based on the available proof. It is a complex form of essay writing which requires extensive first-hand as well as second-hand research.

Let’s understand what an argumentative essay is and how to write it with the help of numerous argumentative essay examples. To guide you in your essay writing journey, we’ve also provided a well-structured argumentative essay outline.

Let’s start off with understanding what is an argumentative essay.

What is an argumentative essay?

An argumentative essay is a piece of writing that convinces one to adopt a particular viewpoint, based on statistics and evidence. Unlike an expository essay, an argumentative essay involves adopting a particular point of view on a topic based on the available information. 

Since it’s aimed at convincing the readers, it needs to contain strong supporting evidence. This requires a much more thorough examination of the available data sources. An argumentative essay is the most common essay type assigned in science, technology or even advanced literature courses in colleges. 

A well-written argumentative essay makes use of information rather than personal opinion. For instance, the statement “beaches are better than mountains” makes for a poor argument. However, including statistical data and figures makes this argument more substantial. For instance “48% of Americans prefer beaches, whereas only 27% prefer mountains”

Now that we’ve understood the meaning of an argumentative essay, let’s take a look at its outline.

Also read: Compare and Contrast Essay | Quick Guide with Examples

Argumentative essay outline

The argumentative essay structure is different from other essay types. Although its aim is to convince the reader to adopt a viewpoint, a good argumentative essay structure looks at an argument from all sides and also addresses the counterargument. The goal is to disprove the opposing arguments with the use of logic and the latest evidence. 

There are three main argumentative essay formats. Let’s take a look:

1. Classic

This is the simplest structure of an argumentative essay when it comes to writing. It follows a logical path of introducing the argument, providing evidence supporting the argument, refuting counterarguments, and finally concluding your argument.

The following outline talks about the advantages of using nuclear power for environmental protection. 

Advantages of Nuclear Power for Environmental Protection

I. Introduction

A. Background information on the topic

B. Thesis statement: Despite the negative reputation and potential risks associated with nuclear power, it is the best bet for our environment due to its low carbon emissions, high energy production, and advancements in safety technology.

II. Low carbon emissions

A. Explanation of carbon emissions and their impact on the environment

B. Comparison of nuclear power to other energy sources in terms of carbon emissions

C. Case studies and statistics supporting the low carbon emission of nuclear power

III. High energy production

A. Explanation of energy production and its importance

B. Comparison of nuclear power to other energy sources in terms of energy production

C. Case studies and statistics supporting the high energy production of nuclear power

IV. Advancements in safety technology

A. Explanation of nuclear power safety concerns

B. Overview of advancements in nuclear power safety technology

C. Comparison of nuclear power safety technology to other energy sources

D. Case studies and statistics supporting the advancements in nuclear power safety technology

V. Counterarguments and refutations

A. Discussion of common counterarguments against nuclear power

B. Refutation of counterarguments with evidence and examples

VI. Conclusion

A. Restatement of thesis

B. Summary of main points

C. Final thoughts on the importance of nuclear power in addressing environmental challenges.

2. Toulmin

This format is used to explain your stance on a highly polarizing, complex topic. It involves presenting your stance and comparing it with the generally accepted evidence. It also involves presenting the limitations of your claim along with rebuttals. 

The following Toulmin essay outline highlights the dangers of genetic modification:

The Dark Side of Genetic Modification

I. Introduction

A. Background information on the topic

B. Thesis statement: Genetic modification is dangerous due to the potential risks it poses to human health, the environment, and ethical concerns surrounding genetic engineering.

II. Claim 1: Risks to human health

A. Explanation of the potential risks to human health associated with genetic modification

B. Overview of studies and research that have shown adverse effects on human health

C. Evidence and examples supporting the claim

III. Claim 2: Risks to the environment

A. Explanation of the potential risks to the environment associated with genetic modification

B. Overview of studies and research that have shown negative impacts on the environment

C. Evidence and examples supporting the claim

IV. Claim 3: Ethical concerns

A. Explanation of the ethical concerns surrounding genetic engineering

B. Overview of the potential consequences of genetic modification on social, cultural, and ethical values

C. Evidence and examples supporting the claim

V. Counterargument and refutation

A. Discussion of common counterarguments in favor of genetic modification

B. Refutation of counterarguments with evidence and examples

V. Conclusion

A. Restatement of thesis

B. Summary of main points

C. Final thoughts on the dangers of genetic modification and the need for caution in its application.

Also read: Literary Analysis Essay: 5 Steps to a Perfect Assignment

3. Rogerian

This format acknowledges both sides of the argument and provides evidence as to why your stance is valid. It is the least confrontational form of argument which is used to convince to opposition to adopt your point of view.  

The following Rogerian essay outline talks about why more government funds should be dedicated to space exploration.

A Cosmic Investment

I. Introduction

A. Background information on the topic

B. Thesis statement: While some may argue that government funds should be allocated towards pressing issues on earth, dedicating more funds to space travel is necessary because of the technological advancements it brings, the potential for scientific discoveries, and economic benefits.

II. Understanding the opposing arguments

A. Explanation of the opposing viewpoint’s concerns and arguments

B. Acknowledgement of valid points made by the opposing viewpoint

C. Statement of common ground between the opposing viewpoint and the argument

III. Presenting the supporting arguments

A. Explanation of the technological advancements made possible through space travel

B. Overview of the scientific discoveries that have been made possible through space exploration

C. Explanation of the economic benefits of space travel and the growth of the space industry

IV. Addressing concerns of the opposition

A. Discussion of concerns raised by the opposing viewpoint and why they should not prevent the dedication of funds to space travel

B. Explanation of how funding for space travel can coexist with funding for pressing issues on earth

C. Evidence and examples to support the argument

V. Common ground and conclusion

A. Restatement of the thesis statement

B. Summary of the main points of the argument

C. Statement of common ground and call to action for continued exploration of space.

Now that you’ve learned how to structure, let’s understand how to write an argumentative essay. 

How to write an argumentative essay

Although the process of writing an argumentative essay is similar to other essay types, it requires much more research and planning. Developing an argument requires a significant understanding of the subject matter from all angles. 

Let’s take a look at the steps to writing an argumentative essay:

1. Choose appropriate argumentative essay topics.

Although topics for an argumentative essay are highly diverse, they are based on a controversial stance. So, make sure that your argumentative essay topics are debatable. Here are a few examples of good argumentative essay topics:

Should animal testing be prohibited?

Should sports be segregated by gender?

Are wildlife sanctuaries ethical?

2. Construct a thesis statement. 

The thesis statement involves taking a stance on your topic. For instance, if your topic is “Should school uniforms be mandatory?”, your thesis statement will take a stance for, or against this. However, make sure that your thesis statement has sufficient evidence from reliable sources to back it up. 

Let’s take a look at a thesis statement example for the topic “Why four-day work-weeks should  be encouraged”: 

A four-day workweek is a viable solution for reducing employee burnout, enhancing work-life balance, and improving overall productivity. It not only promotes a healthier and happier workforce but also reduces costs for employers.

3. Collect evidence.

After taking your stance on your essay topic, it’s time to back it up with facts, evidence, and statistics. This requires an extensive amount of research. 

Make sure to facilitate your research from reputed sources. To make your essay up-to-date and reliable, you can even collect evidence with the help of surveys and experiments. 

Next, sort your evidence into main points to create a basic outline of your essay. This is also a good time to address the counterarguments to your stance.

4. Write the first draft.

After developing the outline, it’s time to flesh it out. Start by constructing an interesting hook, and providing background information for your thesis statement in the introduction. 

Next, elaborate on the topic sentences that provide support to your thesis statement. You can add statistics and empirical data along with plenty of direct quotes and citations to give credibility to your essay. 

And finally, conclude your essay with a summarization of the main points of your essay along with the key takeaway. A powerful conclusion not only allows the readers to see your viewpoint but also creates a lasting impression on their minds.

5. Edit your draft.

Your first draft may not be perfect. Make sure to optimize the sentence structure and word choice. Also, modify your arguments if necessary. You can have friends and family go over your essay and spot any errors that slip through the cracks. For a more fool-proof, error-free essay you can also take the help of professional essay proofreading services.

Now that we’ve understood how to write an effective argumentative essay, let’s take a look at an example of an argumentative essay.

Also read: Guide to a Perfect Descriptive Essay [Examples & Outline Included]

Argumentative essay example 

To guide you in your essay-writing journey, we’ve provided you with an argumentative essay example. It discusses the ill effects of automation. This essay is slightly longer in length and deviates from the commonly used five-paragraph structure. 

Should Companies Invest in Manpower over Autonomous Machines?

The rise of autonomous machines has revolutionized the manufacturing industry, with robots now able to perform tasks that were once done exclusively by human workers. While this technology has undoubtedly improved efficiency and productivity, the question remains whether companies should be required to hire human workers over using autonomous machines. 

The use of autonomous machines has resulted in job losses in the manufacturing industry. According to a study by the Brookings Institution, the use of robots in the United States has led to the loss of over 1.7 million jobs since 2000. While automation has created new jobs in certain industries, such as software development and engineering, the number of jobs lost is significantly higher.

Hiring human workers also has a positive impact on the economy. According to a report by the National Bureau of Economic Research, every robot that replaces a human worker leads to a net loss of 1.6 jobs. This means that for every 10 robots introduced into the workforce, 16 jobs are lost. Hiring human workers over using autonomous machines can help to create more jobs and improve the overall economic situation.

In addition to the economic benefits, human workers offer several advantages over autonomous machines. Human workers are able to adapt to changing situations and problem-solve in a way that machines cannot. This is particularly important in industries where there is a high level of variability in the work being done. 

Furthermore, the use of autonomous machines can lead to safety concerns in the workplace. While robots have become increasingly sophisticated, they are still prone to malfunctions and errors. In some cases, this can lead to workplace accidents and injuries. Human workers are able to identify potential safety hazards and take preventative measures to reduce the risk of accidents.

Although the use of autonomous machines has led to increased efficiency and productivity, their negative impact cannot be ignored. Hiring human workers over using autonomous machines can create jobs, improve the economy, and offer many more advantages. Additionally, the safety concerns associated with the use of autonomous machines highlight the importance of prioritizing human workers. Human workers are more adept at ensuring the well-being of the workforce and the economy as a whole. Therefore, they should be prioritized over machines. 

We hope the above explanation and examples have clarified the basics of writing argumentative essays. As providers of essay editing services, we understand how writing good essays is not a piece of cake. 

To help you write good essays, our team has created detailed resources. Continue reading to take your essay-writing skills to the next level! 

The A–Z of Dissertation Editing: Standard Rates & Involved Steps

Posted on by Tanvi Sarnaik

Your dissertation involves months of intense labor, late-night scribblings, and at least a couple hundred cups of coffee! Naturally, you can’t let grammar errors and typos take away from all this hard work. PhD dissertation editing helps you do this.

Dissertation editing ensures that your work reflects the highest standards of clarity, coherence, and academic excellence. But before you get your document edited, you need to know the corrections made, the steps involved, and the dissertation editing rates. Let’s begin with the basics: What is dissertation editing?

What is dissertation editing?

Dissertation editing is the meticulous process of reviewing, refining, and enhancing a dissertation to improve its overall quality. It involves a comprehensive examination of various aspects, such as grammar, style, structure, coherence, and formatting.

Whether you struggle with organizing your material or the UK/US standard spelling, editing your dissertation takes care of it all. Dissertation editing has a large scope, solving large-scale issues of coherence, structure, and organization as well as small-scale issues of word choice, grammar, and spelling.

Dissertation editing accounts for the following problems in your document:

  • Lack of clarity in research objectives and hypotheses
  • Inadequate literature review and insufficient references
  • Weak organization and structure
  • Lack of logical flow and coherence in different chapters
  • Failure to address research limitations adequately
  • Inaccurate or incomplete data analysis
  • Problems with page formatting
  • Inconsistent writing style and poor grammar
Also read: The Research Methodology Section of a Dissertation 

Let’s take a closer look at the importance of editing a dissertation.

Importance of dissertation editing

Dissertation editing is important as it ensures that your hard work translates into an authoritative document. If language and formatting errors create a barrier for the reader’s understanding of your argument and ideas, your months of research will be rendered useless. PhD dissertation editing helps you avoid this fate.

A well-edited dissertation holds immense significance for your academic success. It reflects your expertise, research skills, and ability to contribute meaningfully to your field of research. By undergoing thorough editing, your dissertation can attain the level of excellence required to make a lasting impact.

Basically, dissertation editing shows that you take your work seriously: It demonstrates your dedication to producing high-quality scholarly work.

1. Enhanced clarity and coherence

An editor helps you eliminate any ambiguities, inconsistencies, or logical gaps within your dissertation. For this purpose, it helps to have your dissertation edited by someone who understands your subject matter to some degree.

2. Improved grammar and language

Editors have the training to rectify grammatical errors, awkward phrasing, and poor sentence structure, ensuring that your dissertation reads fluently. Clear and error-free language adds to your authority as a researcher.

3. Perfect formatting and style

In order to be acceptable, your dissertation must meet the formatting requirements of your department or university. Whether it’s the MLA format or the APA guidelines, an editor ensures that your document follows the stipulated style.

4. Effective organization and structure

Information in your dissertation should be well-organized into different sections or chapters. An editor ensures this and goes on to check the structure within each chapter for a logical flow of ideas and arguments.

5. Thorough proofreading

While dissertation proofreading can be handled as an individual process, it also features as an editing step. Professional editors can catch the smallest errors, typos, or inconsistencies that might be overlooked by an untrained eye.

Should you hire professionals to edit your dissertation?

You must get professional dissertation editing if you want to ensure that your work is received well and scores high. Dissertation writing and editing are two separate processes, and you need expert help to take your writing to the next level. Optionally, if you’re sure of your writing ability, you may skip editing and only get professional proofreading.

While any classmate, friend, or family member can offer you a basic edit and proofread, it won’t be nearly as effective as a professional. Professional editors bring years of experience and expertise to your document, which dramatically increases the quality of your dissertation.

You may hunt for individual editors in your niche who possess subject matter expertise, or you may work with an editing firm. Dissertation editing services employ hundreds of talented editors, so they can pair you up with someone who has familiarity with your subject. With these firms, you can skip the hassle of finding the perfect dissertation editor for you.

But if you prefer individual editors to companies, we’ll help you find the right one.

How to find an editor

Selecting the right dissertation editor is crucial to ensure the success of your editing process. You must be assured of someone’s ability to work within your specific demographic as well as your research area.

Here’s how you can find the right editor for your dissertation:

1. Referrals and word-of-mouth

The most assured and effective way to find an editor is through word of mouth. Ask your classmates or seniors if they got their dissertations edited. If they’ve worked with an editor and found it a great experience, odds are that the editor is right for you! This is because the editor has already worked in conditions that are similar to yours (subject matter, university specifications, turnaround time).

2. Client reviews and testimonials

Read reviews and testimonials from previous clients to gauge the editor’s professionalism and reliability. In the absence of a direct referral, online reviews are your next best measure of quality.

3. Experience and expertise

Look for an editor with a proven track record in editing academic dissertations and expertise in your specific field of study. Your dissertation holds significant weight in your academic journey, so you don’t want an amateur to work on it!

4. Qualifications and credentials

Ensure that your editor holds advanced degrees and has relevant certifications in editing or a related discipline. Ideally, your editor should have a master’s degree in your general subject area, if not a PhD. After all, who would be better at PhD dissertation editing than someone who’s already written one?

5. Communication and collaboration

Editing is more than just a simple review. The editor will critique your writing and the arrangement of your ideas. So, you need to choose one who is good at communicating the changes they make to your dissertation. Clear communication and effective collaboration make for a smooth and quick editing experience.

6. Cost and turnaround time

Consider the editor’s pricing structure and turnaround time to ensure they align with your budget and project timeline. This is an important aspect of dissertation editing and will decide who you end up working with.

The best editors and dissertation editing companies offer free samples of their work. You can try some of them out to see if they’re a match for your thesis.

Steps in the dissertation editing process

Dissertation editing is a systematic and layered process. The editor performs several rounds of reviews, considering various aspects of dissertation writing and editing. If you’re editing your own dissertation, these steps may provide a blueprint for the process.

Here are the steps of dissertation editing:

1. Structure and organization

In this phase, the editor ensures that your research is presented in a logical and cohesive manner. They check whether you’ve included all the necessary sections and sub-sections. For instance, your introduction chapter must be comprehensive while the literature review must be an expert synthesis of existing research.

2. Clarity and coherence

Next, the editor examines the clarity and coherence of your dissertation. They assess the logical flow of ideas, the effectiveness of transitions between sections, and the overall coherence of the arguments presented. Any ambiguities or inconsistencies are addressed to improve the reader’s comprehension. The marking schemes for several major universities and departments feature a separate column for coherence, so it’s an important aspect of your dissertation.

3. Formatting and style

The editor checks the formatting of your dissertation, ensuring that it conforms to the specified style guidelines (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.). They pay special attention to your citations, references, headings, and subheadings. Thus, they ensure that your formatting is accurate and consistent throughout the document.

4. Proofreading and Grammar Check

Once the major structural changes are done, the editor moves on to errors in your writing. They focus on correcting grammatical errors, typos, punctuation mistakes, and inconsistencies in spelling or capitalization. This ensures that your dissertation adheres to the highest standards of written English. Your document must follow all the academic writing rules, as there is usually a grade for this aspect of your dissertation.

5. Plagiarism check

To maintain academic integrity, editors employ plagiarism detection software to ensure your dissertation is free from any instances of plagiarism. Any identified issues are addressed and resolved. This is an optional check, so many editors offer it as an additional service, often at an extra charge. Plagiarism can get you suspended or even expelled, so don’t underestimate its importance!

6. References and citations

Editors meticulously verify all references and citations in your dissertation, cross-checking them against the specified citation style. They ensure that all sources are properly cited, avoiding any potential issues related to plagiarism or academic integrity. Like plagiarism checking, this is also often offered as an additional service.

7. Final review and feedback

In the last stage, the editor conducts a final review of your dissertation, ensuring that all revisions and edits have been appropriately implemented. They provide constructive feedback and suggestions to further enhance the quality of your work.

So, dissertation editing is crucial in elevating the quality and impact of your research. By seeking professional editing firms, you can improve your dissertation and achieve a higher score. With an editor’s help, you’ll be able to write a dissertation that has an impact in your field and helps you out in your professional career.

What are the standard dissertation editing rates?

The standard dissertation editing rates are $25–$80 per 1,000 words, with a one-week turnaround time. On a per-word basis, the dissertation editing cost can range from $0.03–$0.12.

The rate of dissertation editing depends on the level of editing you require, the complexity of your topic, and the experience level of your editor. Other factors such as the density of errors in your document and turnaround time can also affect the dissertation editing cost.

Also read: 10 Best Dissertation Editing Services of 2023 

To simplify things for you, we’ve prepared a table with the pricing options for some of the prominent editing firms in the industry. Here are the dissertation editing rates you can expect to pay for your document:

Journal Article Proofreading: Process, Cost, & Checklist

Posted on by Tanvi Sarnaik

It can take upwards of a few months to get your article published in a journal. In an already lengthy and complicated process, journal article proofreading can help you eliminate the need for excessive revisions.

A large number of articles submitted to journals end up getting rejected due to poor language use and improper formatting. If you want to avoid this fate for an article you have worked hard on, journal proofreading is crucial.

What is journal article proofreading?

Journal article proofreading is the process of carefully reviewing a manuscript to correct errors and ensure that it is of the highest quality before submitting it for publication in a journal. It improves the overall clarity and coherence of your article by highlighting errors in language and formatting.

Proofreading is a crucial step in the publication process. It ensures that the article meets the high standards required for publication and maximizes its chances of being accepted by a journal.

What does a journal proofreader do?

A journal proofreader reviews and corrects your article to ensure that it meets the highest standards of quality and clarity. They undertake a thorough review of your writing to eliminate any errors in grammar, spelling, punctuation, and syntax.

Specifically, a journal proofreader performs the following tasks:

  • Ensure that the article conforms to the journal’s formatting and style guidelines
  • Check for consistency in language usage, tone, and the use of terminology
  • Review the manuscript for clarity and coherence, suggesting revisions as needed to improve readability
  • Ensure that tables, figures, and other visual elements are accurately labeled and referenced
  • Check the references and citations for accuracy
  • Review the article for spelling and grammatical errors

A professional journal proofreader has a wealth of experience proofreading academic documents. They maintain specific style sheets for the style and formatting requirements of major journals and publications. Along with this, however, your journal proofreader should also have a background in the relevant field of study.

Since journal proofreading firms employ a wide variety of academic experts, they pair you up with a subject matter expert. If you hunt for proofreaders in your individual capacity, you’ll have to ensure that they have a basic understanding of your subject matter.

Also read: What is Journal Article Editing? 3 Reasons You Need It 

Why is professional journal article proofreading important?

Professional journal article proofreading is necessary to ensure that your manuscript meets the high standards required for publication in a journal. Even the most experienced and skilled writers can make minor mistakes or overlook errors in their work. Proofreading by a professional ensures that your manuscript is not only error-free but also coherent.

Professional proofreading improves the clarity, coherence, and overall quality of your article. A professional proofreader can provide valuable feedback on the structure and flow of your article, identify areas that require clarification, and suggest ways to improve the readability of your work.

More importantly, professional proofreading ensures that your article conforms to the specific style and formatting guidelines of the target journal. Different journals have different requirements, and failure to meet these guidelines can lead to rejection of your manuscript.

You may wonder why journal proofreading is required if editing also focuses on similar issues of quality. While other editing steps influence your final product in a significant manner, proofreading is merely a quality check. It does not change the content of your article but merely ensures that it is error-free and easily readable.

Essentially, professional journal article proofreading is essential to ensure that:

  • Your work is of the highest quality
  • The article meets the requirements of your target journal
  • You have a high chance of acceptance for publication
Also read: The Top 5 Dos & Don’ts of Academic Writing 

How much does journal article proofreading cost?

On average, the cost of proofreading a journal article can range from $0.01 to $0.05 per word, or $10 to $50 per page. Proofreading rates are usually higher for rush jobs and manuscripts with a high level of technical language or complex formatting.

Factors such as the length of the manuscript, the level of editing required, and turnaround time impact the overall cost of proofreading. Plus, some proofreaders charge by the hour, while others charge by the word or page.

You’ll have to account for these factors when hiring a proofreader or proofreading agency. While the actual cost of journal proofreading depends on your specific article, we can give you a rough estimate. Listed below are the minimum and maximum proofreading rates (per 1,000 words) for three prominent journal proofreading services.


We hope this helps you budget for proofreading your own article. 

Journal proofreading checklist

Professional journal proofreading is always ideal, but not all researchers can afford to get this done. In this case, you’re left with no option but to proofread your own journal article. This can be a challenging task, but a checklist can simplify the process to a great extent.

Here’s how you can proofread your own journal article:

Make sure you proofread for only one issue at a time. This will help you work in a focused and organized manner. This specific checklist moves from broader to narrower issues in your document. It’ll help you proofread systematically to boost your chances of acceptance. All the best!

What Is Script Editing? 10 Tips to Edit Your Script

Posted on by Tanvi Sarnaik

If you have a powerful script that you hope to see someday in a theater production or on screen, you’re only one step away from success. Script editing ensures that your writing is well-formatted and error-free, increasing your chances of being accepted.

While most writers choose to edit their own scripts, you can benefit from having an expert review your work. This brings an objective opinion on board and ultimately improves the quality of your writing. Whether it’s minor formatting errors or major pacing problems, an editor’s involvement is a must for high-value scripts.

Let’s begin with the basics: What’s script editing in the first place?

What is script editing?

Script editing is the process of reviewing, analyzing, and refining the written screenplay to ensure that it meets the requirements of a successful film. It improves the quality of the script by identifying and addressing issues such as plot holes, character development, pacing, dialogue, and structure.

Scripts come in diverse forms, used for a variety of media such as television, film, theater, and video games. Each type of script has its own unique format and structure, tailored to the medium and genre for which it is intended. A professional script editor ensures that your document meets the specific requirements of your genre.

What does a script editor do?

A script editor checks your document for the following aspects:

1. Structure: A well-structured script should have a clear beginning, middle, and end. It should also have a strong opening that captures the audience’s attention and a satisfying ending that leaves a lasting impression.

2. Pacing: A well-paced script should have a consistent rhythm, and the story should unfold at an appropriate pace. If the pacing is too slow, the audience may lose interest, and if it is too fast, the story may feel rushed.

3. Dialogue: The dialogue in a script should be realistic and natural. The dialogue should also serve a purpose, whether it is to advance the plot, reveal character, or provide exposition.

4. Character development: The characters in a script should be well-developed, with distinct personalities and motivations. They should also have clear arcs that show their growth and development throughout the story.

5. Plot: The plot of a script should be engaging and well-constructed. It should have a clear goal, conflict, and resolution. It should be original and creative, avoiding cliches and predictable plot twists.

6. Formatting: The formatting of a script is important, as it can affect how the script is read and interpreted. The script should be properly formatted, with correct margins, spacing, and font.

7. Tone: The tone of a script should be consistent throughout. It should match the genre and style of the film, whether it is a drama, comedy, or action film.

Also read: Script Proofreading: Rates, Process, & Proofreading Tips

10 Script editing tips for writers on a budget

While a professional review of your script is crucial, not all writers can afford to hire script editing services. In this scenario, it helps to have a blueprint for script editing. Since editing and proofreading is an inherently methodical process, you should know the sequence of checks you need to run.

Follow these tips to edit your script:

  • Take a break for a few days or even a couple of weeks and come back to your script with a fresh, objective perspective.
  • Ensure that your script is formatted correctly and follows industry standards.
  • Check for inconsistencies in characters, plot, and dialogue. Ensure that your story is logical and consistent throughout.
  • Make sure that the pacing of your script is appropriate for the genre and story. Scenes should flow naturally and not feel rushed or dragged out.
  • Be ruthless in cutting out any scenes that don’t move the story forward.
  • Remove any smaller unnecessary details that don’t contribute to the story or character development.
  • Read your script out loud to quickly identify awkward sentences, repetition, and dialogue that doesn’t flow well.
  • Pay special attention to dialogue so that it sounds natural and serves a purpose in the story.
  • Check your script for spelling, grammar, and punctuation errors. You may use a spell-check tool but also review your script carefully to catch any lingering mistakes.
  • Have someone else read your script and provide feedback. This can be a colleague, friend, or family member.
Also read: 5 Screenplay Editing Tips for a Top-Notch Script 

Why should you hire a professional script editor?

You should hire a professional script editor because they have the experience and expertise required to refine your document. Their unique training and industry knowledge give them the authority to review a script and make suggestions for improvement.

A script editing firm, for example, employs experts who can make your script more marketable and appealing to producers and studios. They undertake an in-depth evaluation of your script as well as focused line editing and copy editing efforts. This helps you meet professional standards, increasing your chances of seeing your script produced.

Plus, outsourcing script editing helps you save valuable time! A company works at a fast pace, delivering a polished script within a few days. If you were to edit your script, it would probably take a couple of weeks, notwithstanding the endless hassle of it all!

So, anyone serious about script writing must work with a professional script editor to elevate their writing to the next level.

Quick Guide to Novel Editing (with a Self-Editing Checklist)

Posted on by Tanvi Sarnaik

If the notion of novel editing fills you with dread, you’re not alone. Writers often see editing as a painful process where they must fight for each word, but that isn’t (always) the case! With the right mindset and editing team, editing your novel can be a creative process.

It can add value to your novel in ways you hadn’t paused to imagine before. However, you need to keep an open mind for this to happen. So as soon as you’ve heaved the big sigh of satisfaction—once your first draft is complete—put it away for a week or two. No cheating!

Some honed writers have the policy of not touching their manuscript for a whopping three months after completion. This gives them enough distance and objectivity to work with a novel editor and fine-tune what they’ve written.

What is novel editing?

Novel editing refers to the process of reviewing, revising, and refining a written manuscript to improve its overall quality and readability. The process typically involves several stages such as developmental editing, line editing, copy editing, and proofreading.

During the editing process, the author and/or editor may identify areas where the manuscript can be improved, such as plot inconsistencies, pacing issues, awkward phrasing, or grammatical errors. This is handled as a systematic process consisting of various types of editing. But before approaching a professional novel editing service for this, you must know how to self-edit your novel.

Also read: Book Proofreading 101: The Beginner’s Guide

How to self-edit your novel

In order to prepare your novel for professional editing and proofreading, you must do a few rounds of self-editing first. This will ensure that your editors work with a refined version of your first draft, which will help create a better final product. Not to mention, this can also bring down your editing cost!

Here are some tips for editing your novel:

1. Take a break: This will allow you to approach the narrative with fresh eyes and a clear perspective.

2. Print it out: Seeing your work in a different format will help you spot errors and inconsistencies.

3. Read it aloud: This will help you identify awkward phrasing, pacing issues, and areas where the dialogue may not be natural or believable.

4. Check for consistency: Check for continuity errors, such as changes in eye color, clothes, or other physical descriptions.

5. Focus on pacing: Ensure that the plot moves along at an appropriate pace, with enough action and tension to keep readers engaged throughout.

6. Simplify your language: Avoid using overly complicated language or jargon that may alienate readers. The key to good writing is telling great truths in simple language!

7. Show, don’t tell: Instead of telling readers what is happening, try to show them through vivid descriptions and sensory details.

8. Cut unnecessary details: Be ruthless with cutting unnecessary details, such as extraneous descriptions or subplots that don’t contribute to the overall story.

9. Use beta readers: Get feedback from beta readers who can offer fresh perspectives and identify areas for improvement.

10. Edit in stages: Don’t try to edit everything, everywhere, all at once. Break the process down so that each review consists of one or two checks at most.

Bonus tip: Focus on large-scale issues such as structure, organization, and character arcs before small-scale issues such as grammar, spelling, and word choice.

Novel editing checklist

We won’t stop at novel editing tips! Editing is a deeply layered process, so you’ll benefit from a checklist while editing the first draft of your novel. You may use it to ensure that you catch the majority of basic errors while editing your novel.

Here’s your novel editing checklist:

  • Structure: Review the plot and overall structure of the novel, ensuring that the story flows logically and that the plot points are consistent and well-developed.
  • Characters: Check that the characters are well-developed, consistent, and have clear motivations and goals. Ensure that each character has a unique voice and that their actions are believable.
  • Dialogue: Eliminate any dialogue that feels stilted or contrived, and ensure that each character’s speech is consistent with their personality and background.
  • Setting: Ensure that the setting is well-developed and consistent throughout the story. Check for any inconsistencies in the descriptions of the setting or timeline.
  • Pacing: Review the pacing of the story, making sure that it is appropriate for the genre and that the plot moves along at a satisfying pace. Check for any slow or confusing sections that need to be revised.
  • Point of view: Ensure that the point of view is consistent throughout the story and that the author’s voice is consistent with the chosen perspective.
  • Tone: Review the tone of the manuscript, ensuring that it is consistent with the intended audience and genre.
  • Clichés: Check for clichés and overused phrases, eliminating them wherever possible.
  • Sensory details: Ensure that the manuscript includes enough sensory details to immerse the reader in the story.
  • Tense: Check that the tense is consistent throughout the manuscript and that the author is using the correct tense for each section.
  • Sentence structure: Review the sentence structure, ensuring that it is varied and engaging. Eliminate any awkward or convoluted sentences.
  • Grammar and spelling: Check for grammar and spelling errors, ensuring that the manuscript is free from typos, punctuation errors, and other common mistakes.
  • Formatting: Check that the manuscript is formatted consistently, with the same font, spacing, and margins throughout the document.
  • Fact-checking: Check any facts included in the manuscript to ensure they are accurate.
  • Beta readers: Consider getting feedback from beta readers to get fresh perspectives on the manuscript.
Also read: How to Write Better Letters in Your Novel 

Types of novel editing

There are four major types of novel editing: developmental editing, line editing, copy editing, and proofreading. Handled as individual steps in the editing and proofreading process, they ensure that your manuscript gets reviewed systematically.

If you’ve come across other types of editing such as structural editing or editorial assessment, don’t worry! These are just alternate names for the same basic processes that are undertaken while editing a novel. Different editors and editing organizations might take different approaches to the process, but the four key steps of editing remain unchanged.

Developmental editing

Also called structural editing or content editing, this type of editing focuses on the big picture of your novel. A developmental editor will evaluate the overall structure, pacing, and plot of your story, as well as the characterization of your main characters. The goal is to identify any weaknesses in your story and suggest ways to improve it.

Line Editing

Line editing focuses on the finer details of your writing. A line editor will review your manuscript line by line to improve the clarity, tone, and style of your writing. They may also suggest changes to sentence structure, word choice, and dialogue. Since an author’s individual style is essential to novel writing, this step is crucial in the editing process.

Copy Editing

Copy editing is the final stage of the editing process. A copy editor will review your manuscript for errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling. They may also suggest changes to formatting and consistency. You may find this an uphill battle since stipulations of language might conflict with your own writing voice. Eventually, a balance must be struck between grammatical accuracy and experimentation with style.

Also read: Novel Proofreading | Definition, Significance & Standard Rates

Proofreading

Novel proofreading is the final step in the editing process before publication. The primary goal of proofreading is to identify and correct errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling, as well as to ensure consistency in formatting and style. Proofreading is primarily concerned with the technical accuracy of the novel and takes place after typesetting.

Note: The writer may opt for an editorial assessment if they’re unsure of their manuscript. This assessment gives you a page-long review of your novel. Based on this, you may decide whether your writing needs more work or if it is ready for a developmental editor’s scrutiny.

What is the cost of editing a novel?

The cost of editing a novel can vary widely depending on the level of editing required, the length of the manuscript, and the experience and qualifications of the editor. A basic copyedit may cost anywhere from $0.01 to $0.03 per word, while a more in-depth developmental edit could cost upwards of $0.15 per word.

Some editors charge an hourly rate, which can range from $30 to $100 per hour, depending on their level of experience and the type of editing required.

You may avoid the hassle of hiring individual editors for each of these steps by working with a novel editing service instead. Editing firms employ hundreds of editors and simplify the novel editing process for writers. All you need to do is opt for the types of editing you require and wait for the refined manuscript to be delivered.

On average, a novel editing firm may cost you about $2,000–$3,500 for a manuscript of 1,00,000 words. While there are variables involved such as turnaround time and density of errors, this ballpark figure can help you budget for novel editing.

Narrative Essays: Structure, Tips, and Examples

Posted on by Tanvi Sarnaik

The narrative essay is a unique and creative form of academic writing. It tests your ability to narrate personal anecdotes in a structured, meaningful, and engaging manner. This type of writing vastly differs from other academic writing types, which rely more on facts and statistics. 

In this article, we’re going to understand what is a narrative essay, how to write one, and its various types with the help of plenty of examples. We have also provided a narrative essay outline to help you craft a foolproof essay. But before we get into all of that, let’s start with something simple: what’s a narrative essay in the first place?

Upgrade your essay to perfection with our expert editing services today!

What is a narrative essay?

A narrative essay is a highly creative form of academic writing which involves recounting personal anecdotes in an organized and climactic format. Although not as frequently used as expository essays or argumentative essays, this type of essay is a common requirement in high schools and creative writing courses in colleges. A personal statement is also a common requirement for many college admissions. 

Also read: How to Write an Impactful Personal Statement

A narrative essay uses literary devices such as similes, metaphors, and alliteration that add depth and character to your essay. The objective is to express yourself in a creative and compelling way, and not just convey information.

Now that you understand the narrative essay definition, it’s time to look at some common topics you may have to write on.

Topics for a narrative essay

Narrative essay topics can range from a personal narrative and specific essay topics to loose open-ended prompts. Let’s better understand this with the help of a few good narrative essay topics.

Here are a few topics. 

1. Write about your last day of school.

2. Write about your favorite book and your interpretation of its message.

3. An awkward encounter that led to a long-lasting friendship.

4. Your favorite vacation.

5. The moment you realized, you’re finally an adult.

Here are a few narrative essay examples of open-ended prompts.

1. Describe a life changing event and how it impacted you.

2. What is your favorite childhood memory? 

3. A personal accomplishment that you are proud of and how it has shaped you as a person.

4. The time when you overcame a fear or obstacle and how it helped you grow as a person.

5. A moment of personal growth and reflection that helped you realize something important about yourself.

Here are a few personal narrative essay topics.

1. The moment you realized what you wanted to do with your life.

2. A time when you felt like an outsider and how you dealt with it.

3. A moment when you had to make a difficult moral decision.

4. An experience that changed your perspective on a particular issue.

5. A personal passion or interest and how it has impacted your life.

Narrative essay structure

Although less formulaic than an expository or argumentative essay, your narrative essay format still needs to be well-structured and cohesive for it to be impactful. Like all essay types, the narrative format essay consists of an introduction, body paragraphs, and a concluding paragraph. However, this structure is less rigid than most essay types and mainly serves as a guideline. 

Let’s look at the main components of the structure of a narrative essay.

1. Introduction

In order to write a well-structured narrative essay, you need to know how to start it. The introduction of a narrative essay plays a crucial role in capturing the reader’s attention and setting the stage for the story that follows. 

A good introduction should include three key elements. First, an attractive, eye-catching opening statement that intrigues the reader and creates suspense. Second, background information that provides context for the story. Finally, a central idea or narrative that serves as a foundation of the story. 

Here are examples of a narrative essay introduction:

  1. Hook
  2. Background information
  3. Central idea

As I stepped off the plane and took my first breath of the humid air, I knew my life was about to change forever. The next few weeks would be filled with new experiences, new people, and a new perspective that would stay with me for a long time. My study trip to Costa Rica was an unforgettable experience that had a significant impact on me.

2. Body paragraph

You can showcase most of your creative writing skills in the body paragraphs of your narrative essay. Use a topic sentence to introduce each experience, provide detailed elaboration, and conclude with a key takeaway or moral.

The body paragraphs of a narrative essay are also used to showcase numerous artistic elements. These elements may include the introduction of fresh characters, vivid descriptions of settings, subtle hints toward the conclusion, and the build-up of a pivotal event or a climactic situation. You can use these elements to transform a boring piece of writing into an impactful and captivating essay. 

Here’s an example of a vivid and highly descriptive body paragraph:

  1. Topic sentence with descriptions of setting
  2. Sensory descriptors elaborating the topic sentences
  3. Key takeaway

The moment I set foot on Central American soil, I was welcomed by the tropical rainforest, the vibrant colors of the flowers, and the sounds of exotic birds. The air was filled with the sweet scent of fresh fruits, and I could feel the warmth of the sun on my skin. This trip was not only a cultural and educational experience, but it was also an adventure of a lifetime.

3. Conclusion

When writing the conclusion of a narrative essay, it’s important to include three essential elements: an updated version of your thesis statement, reflections on all your experiences, and your final thoughts and key takeaways. 

You can remind your readers of the central idea you explored throughout your essay, by revisiting your thesis statement. Reflecting on your experiences allows you to explore the personal impact of your narrative. Whereas, your final thoughts help in providing a cohesive and impactful summary of your message.

Here’s an example of a strong conclusion:

  1. Updated thesis statement
  2. Reflections on experiences
  3. Final thought

My study trip to Costa Rica was certainly a transformative experience. This trip taught me how to approach the world with an open mind and strive in the face of difficulties. It also inspired me to live a more sustainable lifestyle. Experiencing the rich culture of Costa Rica is something I would highly recommend to all students. It’s an opportunity to break free from our comfort zones, challenge our perspectives, and immerse ourselves in a world of stunning natural beauty. 

Now that we’ve looked at how to structure a narrative essay, let’s move on to writing a narrative essay.

How to write a narrative essay

Writing narrative essays is not just about telling a captivating story, but also about communicating a message to the reader. Although less formal than other types of essays, it still requires a coherent sequence of events, a clear central idea, a moral or message, and a structured outline.

Let’s understand how to write a narrative essay step by step. 

Also read: How to Write an Essay in 8 Simple Steps

1. Choose an appropriate topic.

While essay topics are often predetermined, certain classes may give you the freedom to select your own topic. When choosing a topic for your narrative essay, it is crucial to consider the message that you want to convey. 

Simply recounting a one-dimensional, uneventful story can bore the reader. It is necessary to keep the reader in mind and choose an engaging story topic. This topic should encompass surprising plot twists, a recurring theme, and a significant takeaway or moral.

Here are a few examples of narrative essay topics for college:

Describe a moment in your life that challenged your beliefs or values and forced you to reconsider your perspective.

Describe a time in your life when you faced a difficult decision that required you to choose between two equally compelling options.

2. Form a central idea.

Your narrative essay should revolve around a central idea or theme, which is similar to a thesis statement. This idea should be unique and have a moral or message that sets the tone for your entire essay. Keep in mind that the central idea is crucial to your essay, so choose one carefully and make sure it’s unique and impactful.

Here are a few examples of central ideas:

Growing up as a first-generation immigrant, I faced several setbacks. But these setbacks motivated me to overcome language barriers and also taught me the value of hard work, and determination.

My journey of learning a new language in a foreign country challenged me in ways I never imagined. However, it also taught me the importance of persistence, adaptability, and embracing discomfort to achieve personal growth and success.

3. Construct an essay outline. 

While a narrative essay allows for a great deal of creative expression, it still sticks to a loose structure that includes a clear beginning, middle, and end. A well-organized narrative allows readers to follow and understand your story. Before writing your essay it’s crucial to answer key questions in your narrative essay outline. 

Here are a few questions you need to answer before starting your essay:

  • What central idea or message do I want to convey through my essay?
  • Which personal experiences and anecdotes will best support my central idea?
  • In what ways can I incorporate dialogues or other creative expressions to enhance my essay?
  • How can I effectively structure my essay to ensure it flows cohesively and logically?
  • What techniques can I use to build up to a climactic end that leaves a lasting impression on the reader?
  • What key takeaway do I want my audience to have after reading my essay?

4. Begin writing your essay.

The narrative essay differs from other forms of essay writing and typically follows a chronological order. Hence, it’s advisable to start by fleshing out your introduction and providing sufficient background information to give relevance to your central idea.

Written in the first-person point of view, the narrative essay shares several similarities with a short story. These include a clear plot structure with a beginning, middle, and end, vivid and detailed settings, a climactic point or peak, dialogues, and a key takeaway or moral. These elements can be incorporated to add depth and dimension to your essay.

Narrative essay outline

An outline for a narrative essay differs significantly from that of an evidence-based essay. The narrative essay outline provides structure and coherence to your essay, helping you map out a clear and logical flow of your ideas. This can guide your writing and help ensure that your story is well-organized, engaging, and effectively conveys your central message.

Also read: How to Write an Essay Outline

Here’s an example of a personal narrative essay outline that focuses on the challenges of low self-esteem and the ways to overcome them.

Journey to Self-Acceptance

I. Introduction

A. Hook: Start with an anecdote or a shocking statistic that highlights the rampantness of low self-esteem.

B. Background information: Explain what low self-esteem is, how it affects people, and how it can manifest in different ways.

C. Thesis statement: Describe your challenges with low self-esteem and how you overcame them.

II. Tackling Challenges

A. Describe the situation that challenged your self-esteem, such as a particular event or a persistent feeling.

B. Explain how it affected your life, such as your relationships, academic and professional performance, or your mental health.

C. Share your thoughts and feelings about the situation, and how they contributed to your low self-esteem.

III. Seeking Help

A. Describe how you recognized that you needed help, and what motivated you to seek it.

B. Discuss the steps you took, such as talking to a friend or therapist.

C. Explain the challenges you faced, such as stigma, fear of judgment, or financial barriers.

IV. Building Self-Esteem

A. Describe the strategies you used to build your self-esteem, such as positive self-talk, affirmations, or therapy.

B. Share your progress, and how you measured it, such as tracking your thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.

C. Explain how these strategies helped you, and how they impacted your life, such as improved relationships, academic or professional success, or mental health.

V. Maintaining Self-Esteem

A. Describe how you maintain your self-esteem on a daily basis, and what routines or habits you have developed.

B. Share your challenges and setbacks, and how you cope with them.

C. Explain the importance of self-care in maintaining self-esteem, and what self-care practices you use.

VI. Conclusion

A. Summarize the key points of your essay, and what you have learned from them.

B. Restate your thesis, and how you successfully overcame the challenge of low self-esteem.

C. Discuss how the experience has impacted your life, and what advice you would give to someone who is struggling with low self-esteem.

Narrative essay examples

To guide you in writing a foolproof narrative essay, we’ve constructed an example of a narrative essay. The following is a personal narrative essay example that explores the challenges faced by a student who was bullied in school. This personal narrative essay example will guide you on how you write a personal narrative essay.

Beyond the Shadows

Starting high school as a timid and shy kid was a daunting experience for me. I craved new opportunities and friendships but was overcome by the fear of being judged. Unfortunately, my fears soon became a reality as I found myself being relentlessly bullied.

It began with verbal abuse but soon escalated to physical aggression. Consulting my teachers was of no help since they did not understand the gravity of the situation. The only option was to ignore the bullies and concentrate on my classes, but the constant harassment made it difficult.

The bullying soon took its toll on my mental health, and I spiraled into a pit of anxiety and depression. I lost faith in myself and I believed I was undeserving of happiness. I retreated from my loved ones and spent my days battling my inner demons.

Despite the pain and anguish, I still decided to hold onto hope. I realized that standing up for myself and others was the only way to combat the bullying. I began speaking out against the harassment and also spoke up for those who were scared to raise their voice.

In an attempt to break out of my shell, I made a conscious effort to socialize with my fellow students and offered support to those going through a tough time. As a result, I encountered several friends who had shared experiences with mine. We bonded over our shared struggles and formed a tight-knit community of support and solidarity. Together, we worked to raise awareness of the devastating impact of bullying.

With time and effort, I began to heal from the trauma of my experiences. I learned to embrace my unique qualities and appreciate myself for who I am. The challenges I faced made me stronger and more resilient. As a result, I became more outgoing and confident, which allowed me to forge genuine friendships with my peers.

The bullying I experienced during high school transformed me in ways I could never have imagined. It instilled in me the value of empathy and courage and compelled me to use my voice to create positive change in the world.

Once you’re done writing your narrative essay, the process of editing and proofreading still remains. You can either choose to do this on your own or consider working with an essay editing service. 

Keep reading with more resources from your loyal editors and proofreaders:

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